Gondar founded by Emperor Fasilidas in 1635. The city was Ethiopia’s capital until the reign of the would – be reforming Emperor Tewodros ll, also known as Theodore. During its long years as a capital, the settlement emerged as one of the largest and most popular cities in the realm. It was a great commercial centre, trading with the rich lands south to the Blue Nile, as well as with Sudan to the west, and the Red sea port to Massawa to the north –east.
Gondar is famous for its many medieval castles and the design and decoration of its churches. The earliest of the castles was created by Fasilidas himself and is still in such an excellent state of repair that it is possible to climb its stairs all the way to the roof, which commands a breathtaking view over much of the city. Besides the famous palaces, visitors should inspect the so-called ‘Bathing palace of Emperor Fasilidas,which is used for the annual Timket or Epiphany celebrations, and the abbey of the redoubtable 18 th century Empress Mentewab at Qwesquam, in the mountains just outside Gondar.
Lalibela is famous for its architecture. Lalibela is a city carved from legend a mediaeval settlement in the Lasta area of Wolllo that is the site of eleven remarkable rock- hewn monolithic churches, believed to have been built by king Lalibela in the late 12 th or early 13 th century.
These notable structures are carved inside and outside of the solid rock, and are considered among the wonders of the world. Each building is architecturally unique, and several of them are decorated with fascinating rock paintings. The unadulterated biblical atmosphere and vivid local color of the Timket celebrations provide an ideal opportunity to see Lalibela as a sacred centre whose roots go back to man’s very early years.
No journey along Ethiopia’s fabled historic route would be complete without a visit to the medieval walled city of Harar, which stands amid green mountains on the east wall of the Great Rift Valley. Harar’s heritage is almost entirely Muslim and oriental.
The most dominant features, apart form its strong encircling walls, is its rich and exciting market place- probably the most colorful in Ethiopia, with its 90 mosques and shrines, Harar is considered to be the fourth most sacred centre of the Islamic world. Its Islamic character is best expressed in the Grand Mosque (Al Jami), which dominates the town.
Harar, which has no airport, is 523 km from Addis Ababa, 332 km. from Awash station and 55 km. from Dire Dawa. It can be reached by a good, scenic asphalt road.
Yeha is a historic site less than an hours drive, through some dramatic scenery from Axum. If you travel on the Adwa- Adigrat highway, yeha is situated 26 km from the town of Adwa and only 5 km from the turn –off. Yeha is famous for its huge and remarkable Temple. The Temple is believed to date back to the 5 th century B.C. however ,according to the 19 th century German scholar Heinrich Miller, the Temple is thought to date back to about seven or eight hundred years before the birth of Christ.
The imposing ruins of Yeha’s Temple though roofless still stand. It was a large pre-Christian Temple consisting of a single oblong chamber. The area of the remains of the Temple measures 18.5 m. by 15 m and its height stands at 12 m. The Temple is believed to be the oldest standing building in the country.